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Computer Science Research Guide

"If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it?" --Einstein

Examples

Computer Science Style Guide Suggestions

Collect a basic set of information for each one of your references, and then format this information to match an accepted Bibliographic Style (ACM, APA or IEEE).
On this page you will find a list of the information that is needed, along with several examples.

ACM = Association of Computing Machinery - Author/Date Style
Sample citation [Phillips 2001] -- List References alphabetically, using the author's last name.

ACM = Association of Computing Machinery - Numerical Style
Sample citations [1], [8] -- List References numerically, in the order that you have cited them.

APA 7th edition = American Psychology Association
Sample citation (Raskin, 2002) -- List References alphabetically, using the author's last name.

IEEE = Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Sample citations [1] or [8, 10] -- List References numerically, in the order that you have cited them.

Once you select a style, keep all of your references in the same style. The style used in these examples varies.


How to write a Reference for a


Webpage (html document, URL significant)
Basic information needed See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE

Website (with many pages, URL significant)
Basic information needed
See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE

Wikipedia
There are no examples because this is not a scholarly resource. It is not an appropriate reference for academic papers.

Article in electronic Newsletter or Magazine (html document, URL significant)
Basic information needed See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE

ACM Digital Library (URL not relevant)
Basic information needed
See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE

IEEE Electronic Library (URL not relevant)
Basic information needed See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE

Journal Article with DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
Basic information needed See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE

Journal Article (from a print source, no URL)
Basic information needed See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE

Conference Paper (from Proceedings)
Basic information needed See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE

Book (by one or more authors)
Basic information needed See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE

Authored Chapter in a Book (by one or more editors)
Basic information needed See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE

International Standard (from a print source, no URL)
Basic information needed See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE

International Standard (html document, URL significant)
Basic information needed See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE

Technical Report (from a print source, no URL)
Basic information needed See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE

Technical Report (html document, URL significant)
Basic information needed See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE

Data table (html document, URL significant)
Basic information needed See an example using: ACM | APA 7th edition | IEEE


INFORMATION & EXAMPLES



Information needed for a Webpage (html file, URL significant)
Author: Jakob Nielsen
Date: November 2020
Page title: 10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design
Website: NN/g Nielsen Norman Group
URL: https://www.nngroup.com/articles/ten-usability-heuristics/

Note: The IEEE style allows several options for URLs, DOIs, and accessed dates in online references. See page 20 of the Aug. 12, 2022 IEEE Reference Guide.


Example using ACM - Author/Date

Jakob Nielsen. 2020. 10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design. Retrieved August 13, 2021
    from https://www.nngroup.com/articles/ten-usability-heuristics/


Example using ACM - Numerical

[1]  Jakob Nielsen. 2020. 10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design. Retrieved August 13,
     2021 from https://www.nngroup.com/articles/ten-usability-heuristics/


Example using APA 7th edition

Nielsen, J. (2020). 10 usability heuristics for user interface design. NN/g Nielsen Norman Group.
    https://www.nngroup.com/articles/ten-usability-heuristics/


Example using IEEE

[1]  J. Nielsen. "10 usability heuristics for user interface design." NN/g Nielsen Norman Group.
     Accessed: Aug. 13, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.nngroup.com/articles/ten-usability-heuristics



Information needed for a Website (URL significant)
Author: Microsoft Corporation
Date: 2021
Page title: docs.microsoft.com
Website: docs.microsoft.com
URL: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-ca/

Note: The IEEE style allows several options for URLs, DOIs, and accessed dates in online references. See page 20 of the Aug. 12, 2022 IEEE Reference Guide.


Example using ACM - Author/Date

Microsoft. 2021. docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved from https://docs.microsoft.com/en-ca/


Example using ACM - Numerical

[2]  Microsoft. 2021. docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved from https://docs.microsoft.com/en-ca/


Example using APA 7th edition

Don't create references or in-text citations for whole websites.


Example using IEEE

[2]  Microsoft. "docs.microsoft.com." docs.microsoft.com. Accessed: Aug. 16, 2021. [Online].
     Available: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-ca/



Information needed for an Article in electronic Newsletter or Magazine (html document, URL significant)
Author:  Molly Wood
Date:  February 10, 2020
Title:  We need to Talk about 'Cloud Neutrality'
Newsletter or magazine:  Wired
URL:  https://www.wired.com/story/we-need-to-talk-about-cloud-neutrality/

Note: The IEEE style allows several options for URLs, DOIs, and accessed dates in online references. See page 20 of the Aug. 12, 2022 IEEE Reference Guide.


Example using ACM - Author/Date

Molly Wood. 2020. We need to talk about cloud neutrality. Retrieved August 16, 2021 from
    https://www.wired.com/story/we-need-to-talk-about-cloud-neutrality/


Example using ACM - Numerical

[3]  Molly Wood. 2020. We need to talk about cloud neutrality. Retrieved August 16, 2021 from
     https://www.wired.com/story/we-need-to-talk-about-cloud-neutrality/


Example using APA 7th edition

Wood, M. (2020, February 10). We need to talk about cloud neutrality. Wired. https://www.wired.com/
    story/we-need-to-talk-about-cloud-neutrality/


Example using IEEE

[3]  M. Wood, "We need to talk about cloud neutrality," Wired, Feb. 10, 2020. Accessed Aug. 16, 2021.
     [Online]. Available: https://www.wired.com/story/we-need-to-talk-about-cloud-neutrality 



Information needed for the ACM Digital Library
Author:  Brett A. Becker
Date:  August 2021
Title:  What does saying that 'programming is hard' really say, and about whom?
Journal:  Communications of the ACM
Specifics:  Volume 64, Issue 8, pages 27-29
DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1145/3469115
Note: Although accessed electronically, the URL is not significant.

Note: The IEEE style allows several options for URLs, DOIs, and accessed dates in online references. See page 20 of the Aug. 12, 2022 IEEE Reference Guide.


Example using ACM - Author/Date

Brett A. Becker. 2021. What does saying that 'programming is hard' really say, and about whom? 
    Commun. ACM 64, 8 (Aug. 2021), 27–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3469115


Example using ACM - Numerical

[4]  Brett A. Becker. 2021. What does saying that 'programming is hard' really say, and about whom? 
     Commun. ACM 64, 8 (Aug. 2021), 27–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3469115


Example using APA 7th edition

Becker, B. A. (2021). What does saying that 'programming is hard' really say, and about whom?
    Communications of the ACM, 64(8), 27-29. https://doi.org/10.1145/3469115


Example using IEEE

[4]  B. A. Becker, "What does saying that 'programming is hard' really say, and about whom," Comm.  
     ACM, vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 27-29, Aug. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1145/3469115 



Information needed for the IEEE Electronic Library (URL not relevant)
Author:  Frank Dehne, David Robillard, Andrew Rau-Chaplin, Neil Burke
Date:  2016
Article title:  VOLAP: A Scalable Distributed System for Real-Time OLAP with High Velocity Data
Conference:  2016 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing
Location and date of conference:  13-15 September 2016, Tapei, Taiwan [a bit of research had to be done to locate this info]
Specifics:  pages 354-363
Note: Although accessed electronically, the URL is not significant.

Note: The IEEE style allows several options for URLs, DOIs, and accessed dates in online references. See page 20 of the Aug. 12, 2022 IEEE Reference Guide.


Example using ACM - Author/Date

Frank Dehne, David Robillard, Andrew Rau-Chaplin, and Neil Burke. 2016. VOLAP: a scalable  
    distributed system for real-time OLAP with high velocity data. In 2016 IEEE International 
    Conference on Cluster Computing, September 15 - 16, 2016, Tapei, Taiwan. IEEE, 354-363. DOI:
    https://doi.org/10.1109/CLUSTER.2016.29


Example using ACM - Numerical

[5]  Frank Dehne, David Robillard, Andrew Rau-Chaplin, and Neil Burke. 2016. VOLAP: a scalable  
     distributed system for real-time OLAP with high velocity data. In 2016 IEEE International 
     Conference on Cluster Computing, September 15 - 16, 2016, Tapei, Taiwan. IEEE, 354-363. DOI:
     https://doi.org/10.1109/CLUSTER.2016.29


Example using APA 7th edition

Dehne, F., Robillard, D., Rau-Chaplin, A., & Burke, N. (2016). VOLAP: A scalable distributed 
    system for real-time OLAP with high velocity data. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on
    Cluster Computing (pp. 354-363). IEEE.  https://doi.org/10.1109/CLUSTER.2016.29


Example using IEEE

[5]  F. Dehne, D. Robillard, A. Rau-Chaplin, and N. Burke, "VOLAP: A scalable distributed system for
     real-time OLAP with high velocity data," in 2016 IEEE Int. Conf. on Cluster Comput., 2016, pp.
     354-363, https://doi.org/10.1109/CLUSTER.2016.29



Information needed for a Journal Article with a DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
Author:  Woo-Chul Cho, Kyung Young Lee, Sung-Byung Yang
Date:  March 2019
Article title:  What makes you feel attached to smartwatches? The stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) perspectives
Journal:  Information Technology & People
Specifics:  Volume 32, number 2, pp. 319-343
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ITP-05-2017-0152
Note: The DOI is a unique number used to identify a specific article.

Note: The IEEE style allows several options for URLs, DOIs, and accessed dates in online references. See page 20 of the Aug. 12, 2022 IEEE Reference Guide.


Example using ACM - Author/Date

Woo-Chul Cho, Kyung Young Lee, and Sung-Byung Yang. 2019. What makes you feel attached to  
    smartwatches? The stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) perspectives. Information Technology & 
    People 32, 2 (March 2019), 319-343. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ITP-05-2017-0152


Example using ACM - Numerical

[6]  Woo-Chul Cho, Kyung Young Lee, and Sung-Byung Yang. 2019. What makes you feel attached to
     smartwatches? The stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) perspectives. Information Technology &
     People 2, 2 (March 2019), 319-343. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ITP-05-2017-0152


Example using APA 7th edition

Cho, W-C., Lee, K.Y., & Yang, S-B. (2019). What makes you feel attached to smartwatches? The
    stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) perspectives. Information Technology & People, 32(2), 319-343. 
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ITP-05-2017-0152  


Example using IEEE

[6]  W-C. Cho, K. Y. Lee, and S-B. Yang, "What makes you feel attached to smartwatches? The stimulus
     -organism-response (S-O-R) perspectives," Inf. Technol. People, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 319-343, Mar.
     2019, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ITP-05-2017-0152  



Information needed for a Journal Article (from a print source, no URL)
Author:  Ronald R. Yager
Date:  July 1977
Article title:  Multiple objective decision-making using fuzzy sets
Journal:  International journal of man-machine studies
Specifics:  Volume 9, Number 4, 375-382
DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7373(77)80008-4

Note: Articles published in the 1970's or earlier are often available in print format only.

Note: Journal names are often abbreviated. The abbreviation for the International Journal of Man-Machine Studies is Int. J. Man-Machine Studies. Although you will see abbreviations used in published journals and in some examples in this list, as a student, it is best to use the journal's full name in your list of references.

Note: Sometimes the name of a journal is changed to better reflect the area of interest. In 1994, the International Journal of Man-Machine Studies was renamed to the International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. Always use the name of the journal that matches the date of the article you are going to reference.

Note: Even in the case of a print source, it's good practice to include a DOI if you have one.


Example using ACM - Author/Date

Ronald R. Yager. 1977. Multiple objective decision-making using fuzzy sets. International Journal
    of Man-Machine Studies 9,  4 (July 1977), 375-382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7373
    (77)80008-4


Example using ACM - Numerical

[7]  Ronald R. Yager. 1977. Multiple objective decision-making using fuzzy sets. International 
     Journal of Man-Machine Studies 9,  4 (July 1977), 375-382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/
     S0020-7373(77)80008-4


Example using APA 7th edition

Yager, R. R. (1977). Multiple objective decision-making using fuzzy sets. International Journal of
    Man-Machine Studies, 9(4), 375-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7373(77)80008-4


Example using IEEE

[7]  R. R. Yager, "Multiple objective decision-making using fuzzy sets," International Journal of Man
     -Machine Studies, vol. 9, no. 4, pp.375-382, Jul. 1977, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7373(77)
     80008-4



Information needed for a Conference Paper (from Proceedings)
Author:  Amir Khaleghi Moghaddam and Nur Zincir-Heywood
Date:  25 August 2020
Article title:  Exploring data leakage in encrypted payload using supervised machine learning
Proceedings:  ARES '20: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security
Location and date of conference:  Dublin, Ireland, August 25-28, 2020
Publisher of Proceedings:  Association for Computing Machinery
Specifics:  Article No. 74, pages 1-10

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1145/3407023.3409216

Note: The IEEE style allows several options for URLs, DOIs, and accessed dates in online references. See page 20 of the Aug. 12, 2022 IEEE Reference Guide.


Example using ACM - Author/Date

Amir Khaleghi Moghaddam and Nur Zincir-Heywood. 2020. Exploring data leakage in encrypted payload using
    supervised machine learning. In ARES 2020: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on 
    Availability, Reliability and Security, August 25 - 28, 2020, Dublin, Ireland. Association for 
    Computing Machinery, Article 74, 10 pages. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3407023.3409216 


Example using ACM - Numerical

[8]  Amir Khaleghi Moghaddam and Nur Zincir-Heywood. 2020. Exploring data leakage in encrypted payload
     using supervised machine learning. In ARES 2020: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on 
     Availability, Reliability and Security, August 25 - 28, 2020, Dublin, Ireland. Association for 
     Computing Machinery, Article 74, 10 pages. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3407023.3409216 


Example using APA 7th edition

Moghaddam, A. K., & Zincir-Heywood, N. (2020). Exploring data leakage in encrypted payload using 
    supervised machine learning. In ARES 2020: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on
    Availability, Reliability and Security (pp. 1-10). Association for Computing Machinery.
    https://doi.org/10.1145/3407023.3409216 


Example using IEEE

[8]  A. K. Moghaddam and N. Zincir-Heywood, "Exploring data leakage in encrypted payload using supervised
     machine learning," in ARES 2020: Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Availability, Reliability Security, 2020,
     pp. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1145/3407023.3409216



Information needed for a Book (by one or more authors)
Author:  Dijiang Huang, Huijun Wu
Date:  2018;
Title:  Mobile cloud computing: foundations and service models
Place where published:  Cambridge, MA
Publisher:  Morgan Kaufmann


Example using ACM - Author/Date

Dijiang Huang and Huijun Wu. 2018. Mobile Cloud Computing: Foundations and Service Models. Morgan
    Kaufmann, Cambridge, MA.


Example using ACM - Numerical

[9]  Dijiang Huang and Huijun Wu. 2018. Mobile Cloud Computing: Foundations and Service Models. Morgan 
     Kaufmann, Cambridge, MA.


Example using APA 7th edition

Huang, D., & Wu, H. (2018). Mobile cloud computing: Foundations and service models. Morgan Kaufmann.


Example using IEEE

[9]  D. Huang and H. Wu, Mobile Cloud Computing: Foundations and Service Models, Cambridge, MA, USA: Morgan
     Kaufmann, 2018.



Information needed for an Authored Chapter in a Book (by one or more editors)
Chapter author:  Jan Cejka, Fotis Liarokapis
Date:  2020
Title of Chapter:  Tackling problems of marker-based augmented reality under water;
Title of Book:  Visual computing for cultural heritage
Editor:  Fotis Liarokapis, Athanasios Voulodimos, Nikolaos Doulamis, Anastasios Doulamis
Place Book Published:  Cham, Switzerland
Publisher:  Springer;
Pages:  205-224
DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37191-3

Note: The abbreviation for an editor is Ed. (and for more than one editors it is Eds.)

Note: The IEEE style allows several options for URLs, DOIs, and accessed dates in online references. See page 20 of the Aug. 12, 2022 IEEE Reference Guide.


Example using ACM - Author/Date

Jan Cejka and Fotis Liarokapis. 2020. Tackling problems of marker-based augmented reality under water. In 
    Visual Computing for Cultural Heritage, Fotis Liarokapis, Athanasios Voulodimos, Nikolaos Doulamis
    and Anastasios Doulamis (Eds.). Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 205-224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/
    978-3-030-37191-3


Example using ACM - Numerical

[10] Jan Cejka and Fotis Liarokapis. 2020. Tackling problems of marker-based augmented 
     reality under water. In Visual Computing for Cultural Heritage, Fotis Liarokapis, Athanasios 
     Voulodimos, Nikolaos Doulamis, and Anastasios Doulamis (Eds.). Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 205-224.
     DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37191-3


Example using APA 7th edition

Cejka, J., & Liarokapis, F. (2020). Tackling problems of marker-based augmented reality under water.  
    In F. Liarokapis, A. Voulodimos, N. Doulamis & A. Doulamis (Eds.), Visual computing for cultural 
    heritage (pp. 205-224). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37191-3


Example using IEEE

[10] J. Cejka and F. Liarokapis, "Tackling problems of marker-based augmented reality under water," in 
     Visual Computing for Cultural Heritage, F. Liarokapis, A. Voulodimos, N. Doulamis and A. Doulamis,
     Eds., Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2020, pp. 205-224, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37191-3



Information needed for an International Standard (from a print source, no URL)
Designation:  ANSI T1.602
Organization:  American National Standards
Date:  1989
Title:  Telecommunications -- Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) --
Data-Link Layer Signaling Specification for Application at the User-Network Interface


Example using ACM - Author/Date

American National Standards. 1989. Telecommunications -- Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) -- 
    Data-Link Layer Signaling Specification for Application at the User-Network Interface. ANSI T1.602. 


Example using ACM - Numerical

[11] American National Standards. 1989. Telecommunications -- Integrated Services Digital Network
     (ISDN) -- Data-Link Layer Signaling Specification for Application at the User-Network Interface. 
     ANSI T1.602.


Example using APA 7th edition

American National Standards. (1989). Telecommunications -- Integrated services digital network (ISDN) --
    Data-link layer signaling specification for application at the user-network interface (ANSI T1.602).


Example using IEEE

[11] Telecommunications -- Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) -- Data-Link Layer Signaling 
     Specification for Application at the User-Network Interface, ANSI T1.602, 1989.



Information needed for an International Standard (html document, URL significant)
Designation:  ISO/TR 23455:2019
Organization:  International Organization for Standardization
Date:  2019
Title:  Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies -- Overview of and interactions between smart contracts in blockchain and distributed ledger technology systems
URL:  https://www.iso.org/standard/75624.html

Note: The IEEE style allows several options for URLs, DOIs, and accessed dates in online references. In page 15-16 of the Aug 12, 2022 IEEE Reference Guide, the examples show that either the year of the standard or the access year must be provided.


Example using ACM - Author/Date

International Organization for Standardization. 2019. Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies -- 
    Overview of and interactions between smart contracts in blockchain and distributed ledger technology 
    system. ISO/TR 23455:2019. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/75624.html


Example using ACM - Numerical

[12] International Organization for Standardization. 2019. Blockchain and distributed ledger 
     technologies -- Overview of and interactions between smart contracts in blockchain and distributed
     ledger technology system. ISO/TR 23455:2019. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/75624.html


Example using APA 7th edition

International Organization for Standardization. (2019). Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies --
    Overview of and interactions between smart contracts in blockchain and distributed ledger technology
    system (ISO/TR 23455:2019). Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/75624.html


Example using IEEE

[12] Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies -- Overview of and Interactions Between Smart
     Contracts in Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology Systems, ISO/TR 23455:2019, 2019. [Online]
     Available: http://www.ornl.gov/sgml/sc34/document/0029.htm



Information needed for a Technical Report (from a print source, no URL)
Author:  Philip Trevor Cox and Tomasz Pietrzykowski
Date:  1984
Title:  Advanced programming aids in PROGRAPH
Organization:  Technical University of Nova Scotia
Technical Report Number:  8404
Place where published:  Halifax, NS
Publisher:  School of Computer Science, Technical University of Nova Scotia


Example using ACM - Author/Date

Philip Trevor Cox and Tomasz Pietrzykowski. 1984. Advanced programming aids in PROGRAPH. Technical Report 
    No. 8404. School of Computer Science, Technical University of Nova Scotia, Halifax, NS.


Example using ACM - Numerical

[13] Philip Trevor Cox and Tomasz Pietrzykowski. 1984. Advanced programming aids in PROGRAPH. Technical 
     Report No. 8404. School of Computer Science, Technical University of Nova Scotia, Halifax, NS


Example using APA 7th edition

Cox, P. T., & Pietrzykowski, T. (1984). Advanced programming aids in PROGRAPH (Technical Report No.
    8404). School of Computer Science, Technical University of Nova Scotia.


Example using IEEE

[13] P.T. Cox and T. Pietrzykowski, "Advanced programming aids in PROGRAPH," School of Computer
     Science, Technical University of Nova Scotia, Halifax, NS. Technical Report No. 8404, 1984.



Information needed for a Technical Report (pdf document, URL significant)
Author:  Lihi Idan and Joan Feigenbaum
Date:  May 2021
Title:  PRShare: A Framework for Privacy-Preserving Interorganizational Data Sharing
Organization:  Computer Science
Organization's location:  Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Technical Report Number:  YALEU/DCS/TR-1554
URL:  https://cpsc.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/tr1554.pdf

Note: The IEEE style allows several options for URLs, DOIs, and accessed dates in online references. In page 15-16 of the Aug. 12, 2022 IEEE Reference Guide, the examples show that either the year of the report or the access year must be provided.


Example using ACM - Author/Date

Lihi Idan and Joan Feigenbaum. 2021. PRShare: A Framework for Privacy-Preserving Interorganizational Data
    Sharing. YALEU/DCS/TR-1554. Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
    Retrieved September 3, 2021 from https://cpsc.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/tr1554.pdf


Example using ACM - Numerical

[14] Lihi Idan and Joan Feigenbaum. 2021. PRShare: A Framework for Privacy-Preserving
     Interorganizational Data Sharing. YALEU/DCS/TR-1554. Department of Computer Science, Yale
     University New Haven, CT. Retrieved September 3, 2021 from https://cpsc.yale.edu/sites/default/files
     files/files/tr1554.pdf


Example using APA 7th edition

Idan, L., & Feigenbaum, J. (2021). PRShare: A framework for privacy-preserving interorganizational data sharing
    (YAEU/DCS/TR-1554). Department of Computer Science, Yale University. https://cpsc.yale.edu/sites/
    default/files/files/tr1554.pdf


Example using IEEE

[14] L. Idan and J. Feigenbaum, "PRShare: A framework for privacy-preserving interorganizational 
     data sharing," Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. YAEU/DCS/TR-
     1554, May 2021. [Online]. Available: https://cpsc.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/tr1554.pdf



Information needed for a data table
Author:  Statistics Canada
Date:  2021-06-22
Table title:  Intensity of use of Internet, video streaming services and video gaming services by gender, age group and highest certificate, diploma or degree completed
Specifics:  Table 22-10-0136-01
URL:  https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=2210013601
DOI:  https://doi.org/10.25318/221001360185-eng

Note: The IEEE style allows the option to include both a URL and a DOI, but just using the DOI makes sense most of the time.

Note: Style guides don't tend to cover the full extent of possibilities for data reference. Adapt as best as you can from other types of document for your style, and include all the important elements.

Note: Statistics Canada prefers that the table number be included as part of the title in APA references. 'Cite me this way' suggestions from sources should be considered but can be ignored if they don't fit with the requirements of your style.


Example using ACM - Author/Date

Statistics Canada. 2021. Table 22-10-0136-01: Intensity of use of Internet, video streaming services and
    video gaming services by gender, age group and highest certificate, diploma or degree completed.
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.25318/221001360185-eng


Example using ACM - Numerical

[15] Statistics Canada. 2021. Table 22-10-0136-01: Intensity of use of Internet, video streaming
     services and video gaming services by gender, age group and highest certificate, diploma or degree
     completed. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25318/221001360185-eng


Example using APA 7th edition

Statistics Canada. (2021). Table 22-10-0136-01 Intensity of use of internet, video streaming services and
    video gaming services by gender, age group and highest certificate, diploma or degree completed 
    [Data table]. https://doi.org/10.25318/221001360185-eng


Example using IEEE

[15] Statistics Canada, Jun. 2021, "Table 22-10-0136-01 Intensity of Use of Internet, Video 
     Streaming, Services and Video Gaming Services by Gender, Age Group and Highest Certificate, Diploma 
     or Degree Completed," Statistics Canada, doi: https://doi.org/10.25318/221001360185-eng